How to Cite
Share
Copyright (c) 2024 Denitza D Voutchkova, Charlotte T Thomsen, Niels Claes, Lars A Olsen, Lærke Thorling, Bjarni Pjetursson, Birgitte Hansen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Three spatiotemporal data sets of drinking water hardness in Denmark (version 1) are presented here: (1) annual drinking water hardness at public waterworks (1905–2023); (2) annual drinking water hardness at their water supply areas (1978–2023) and (3) the latest drinking water hardness at the water supply areas (1980–2023). Raw data were extracted from the Jupiter database for groundwater and drinking water data in Denmark, and were quality-assured. Hardness was calculated after semi-automatic outlier exclusion based on Ca and Mg, or if not available, the reported total hardness. Data were further aggregated at the waterworks level by the annual mean and at the supply area level by the weighted mean (weighted to waterworks annual abstraction volumes). Temporal and spatial gaps were filled prior to these aggregations. Various stakeholders could benefit from these open access data. They provide a societal service in response to increased public interest in drinking water hardness. The research community could use the data in environmental, exposure or epidemiological assessments. Finally, the water supplies and the public sector could benefit from these data as they provide a nationwide overview of current and past drinking water hardness in Denmark and highlight the geographic areas that lack recent data, most probably due to de-regulation.
How to Cite
Share
Copyright (c) 2024 Denitza D Voutchkova, Charlotte T Thomsen, Niels Claes, Lars A Olsen, Lærke Thorling, Bjarni Pjetursson, Birgitte Hansen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Supplementary Files
Funding
This study was supported by internal funding from the Geological Sur-vey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS).Downloads
An annual collection of articles submitted to GEUS Bulletin and published throughout 2024. Published online only. This issue is open until the end of 2024.
Cover photo: a piece of fossilised wood from the Miocene brown coal deposit in Denmark (Credit: Kasia Śliwińska). Read more in Śliwińska, K. K., Denk, T., [...]
References
- Council of the European Union. 2020: Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Official Journal of the European Union L 435/1, 62.
- Dowle, M. & Srinivasan, A. 2023: data.table: extension of ‘data.frame’.https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=data.table (accessed February 2024).
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). 2010: Drikkevandets hårdhed i Danmark. [Data set]. GEUS Dataverse, V1. https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/5OZV7W
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). 2024: Dokumentation af PCJupiterXL tabeller og koder; Vandprøve-formål er en StanCode kodeliste (SC1081) og har CodeType = 744. https://data.geus.dk/tabellerkoder/koder.html?codetype=744 (accessed February 2024).
- Hansen, B. & Thorling, L. 2018: Kemisk grundvandskortlægning. Geo-vejledning 2018/2. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. https://www.miljoeogressourcer.dk/filer/lix/5033/Geovejledning_nr._6__2018__978-87-7871-493-0_.pdf
- Hansen, M. & Pjetursson, B. 2011: Free, online Danish shallow geological data. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 23, 53–56.
- Miljøministeriet. 1988: BEK nr 515 af 29/08/1988 Bekendtgørelse om vandkvalitet og tilsyn med vandforsyningsanlæg (Drikkevandsbekendtgørelsen). Miljøministeriet. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1988/515 (accessed February 2024).
- Miljøministeriet. 2001: BEK nr 871 af 21/09/2001 Bekendtgørelse om vandkvalitet og tilsyn med vandforsyningsanlæg (Drikkevandsbekendtgørelsen). Miljøministeriet. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2001/871 (accessed February 2024).
- Miljøministeriet. 2017: BEK nr 1147 af 24/10/2017 Bekendtgørelse om vandkvalitet og tilsyn med vandforsyningsanlæg (Drikkevandsbekendtgørelsen). Miljøministeriet. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2017/1147 (accessed February 2024).
- Miljøministeriet. 2022: LBK nr 602 af 10/05/2022 Bekendtgørelse af lov om vandforsyning m.v. (Vandforsyningsloven). Miljøministeriet. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2022/602#id314a3088-4186-4900-ad88-ba56b5967af5 (accessed November 2023).
- Miljøministeriet. 2023a: BEK nr 1023 af 29/06/2023 Bekendtgørelse om vandkvalitet og tilsyn med vandforsyningsanlæg (Drikkevandsbekendtgørelsen). Miljøministeriet. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/1023 (accessed February 2024).
- Miljøministeriet. 2023b: BEK nr 529 af 14/05/2023 Bekendtgørelse om kvalitetskrav til miljømålinger (Analysekvalitetsbekendtgørelsen). Miljøministeriet. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/529 (accessed February 2024).
- Miljøstyrelsen. 2023: Method M069 by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency Reference Laboratory for Chemical and Microbiological Environmental Measurements: “Metaller i grundvand og drikkevand” (Metals in groundwater and drinking water). https://cdnmedia.eurofins.com/Microsites/media/2778/m069-metaller-grv-drv-02.pdf (accessed August 2024).
- Nichols, D. n.d.: Coloring for Colorblindness (online colorblindness simulation tool) https://davidmathlogic.com/colorblind/ (accessed August 2024).
- QGIS Development Team. 2021: QGIS Geographic Information System. Long term release. version 3.22.10-Białowieża; QGIS Association; https://qgis.org/ (accessed August 2024).
- R Core Team. 2022: R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
- Rygaard, M. & Albrechtsen, H.-J. 2020: Blødgøring af drikkevand i Aarhus – Forventede konsekvenser. 24 pp. DTU, Institut for Vand og Miljøteknologi. Copenhagen. https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/240820763/Bl_dg_ring_af_drikkevand_i_Aarhus_210104.pdf (accessed January 2024).
- Schullehner, J. 2022: Danish water supply areas and their links to water production facilities: an open-access data set. GEUS Bulletin 49, 8319.
- Voutchkova, D.D., Schullehner, J., Skaarup, C., Wodschow, K., Ersbøll, A.K. & Hansen, B. 2021: Estimating pesticides in public drinking water at the household level in Denmark. GEUS Bulletin 47, 6090.
- Wickham, H. 2016: ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. 182 pp. Springer-Verlag New York. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org.
- Wickham, H., François, R., Henry, L., Müller, K. & Vaughan, D. 2023a: dplyr: a grammar of data manipulation. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr (accessed august 2024).
- Wickham, H., Vaughan, D. & Girlich, M. 2023b: tidyr: Tidy Messy data, R package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyr (accessed August 2024).
